Privacy Amplification Protocols: Security Under Active Quantum Attack “The current quantum computer has almost a hundred qubits, far lower than any digital device used in everyday life. When a quantum computer can reach thousands of logical qubits, the computing power it possesses will become a serious threat to the existing cryptographic system. To prevent this situation, practical cryptographers have been studying post-quantum cryptography for many years, while theoretical cryptographers have been actively exploring various possibilities of quantum cryptography.” –Kai-Min Chung, Research Fellow, Institute of Information Science Rapid progress in quantum computing may generate considerable benefits for mankind in the future, while also posing both challenges and opportunities for cryptography. Academia Sinica’s theoretical quantum cryptography research team aims to explore opportunities in quantum cryptography, as well as countermeasures against relevant challenges. The team’s recent research focused on the security of classic privacy amplification protocols under active quantum attacks. Prior to their work, one unresolved issue was how to obtain a secure privacy amplification protocol when an attacker obtained quantum side information about the weak secrets shared by honest users. The team proposed the first secure privacy amplification protocol in this context, with its main contribution being to construct the first “Quantum-proof Non-malleable Randomness Extractor” based on which they developed a secure protocol. In the future, the team will continue to work on privacy amplification protocols, aiming to further improve their construction and obtain better parameters.
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